{
 "dataset": "CommonKeel HOA fine, lien and foreclosure rules by state",
 "version": "2026-10",
 "date_modified": "2026-10-09",
 "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
 "built_from": [
  "04_WEBSITE/site/downloads/hoa-state-law-comparison-2026-09.csv (fines_or_lien_note column)",
  "04_WEBSITE/site/states/comparison/index.html"
 ],
 "method": "Every field restates what the CommonKeel 49-state comparison table already publishes for that state in its fines and liens column, with the same citation, the same source URL and the same verification date. Where a field splits by property type, the split is the one the published cell makes. Where the published cell does not reach a point, the field reads Not tracked. No claim was added from memory, and no state outside the published table was added.",
 "states": {
  "AK": {
   "name": "Alaska",
   "cite": "AS 34.08.320(a)(11); 34.08.470(a), (b), (d), (e), (j)(1)",
   "url": "https://www.akleg.gov/basis/statutes.asp#34.08.010",
   "verified": "2026-09-19",
   "fine_power": "statute",
   "fine_process": "Notice and a hearing, and that is the whole procedure. No dollar cap, no per day cap, no minimum cure period, and no description of what the hearing must look like. Unpaid fines are collectible as assessments unless the declaration says otherwise.",
   "fine_cap": "None in the statute.",
   "lien_perfection": "Recording the declaration is itself record notice and perfection, so no separate claim of lien need be recorded.",
   "priority_months": 6,
   "priority_text": "Generally junior to encumbrances recorded before the declaration, to a first security interest recorded before the assessment became delinquent, and to tax and governmental liens, but prior to that first security interest for the common expense assessments, based on the periodic budget, that would have come due without acceleration during the six months immediately preceding the action to enforce the lien.",
   "priority_scope": "Regular budgeted common expense assessments only. Fines, late charges, interest, attorney fees and special assessments sit outside the six months even though they are otherwise enforceable as assessments.",
   "foreclosure": "Judicial only. In a condominium or planned community the lien must be foreclosed as a lien is foreclosed under AS 34.35.005. There is no power of sale.",
   "gates": null,
   "clocks": [
    {
     "label": "Enforcement proceedings must begin",
     "anchor": "delinquency",
     "years": 3,
     "detail": "The lien is extinguished, not merely barred, unless enforcement proceedings begin within 3 years after the full amount became due."
    }
   ]
  },
  "AL": {
   "name": "Alabama",
   "cite": "Ala. Code secs. 35-8A-302(a)(10) to (12), 35-8A-315(b), 35-8A-316; 35-20-11, 35-20-12",
   "url": "https://alison.legislature.state.al.us/code-of-alabama?section=35-8A-316",
   "verified": "2026-09-18",
   "split": true,
   "condo": {
    "fine_power": "statute",
    "fine_process": "Reasonable fines for violations after notice and an opportunity to be heard. Charges for late payment of assessments are also allowed, and past due assessments bear interest at a rate the association sets, capped at eighteen percent a year.",
    "fine_cap": "No dollar cap on a fine. Interest on past due assessments is capped at 18 percent a year.",
    "lien_perfection": "The lien attaches from the time the assessment or fine becomes due, and recording the declaration is itself record notice and perfection, so no separate claim of lien is recorded.",
    "priority_months": 6,
    "priority_text": "Prior to all other liens and encumbrances except liens recorded before the declaration, a first security interest recorded before the assessment went delinquent, and real estate taxes and other governmental charges. It is also prior to that first mortgage to the extent of the common expense assessments, based on the periodic budget, that would have become due absent acceleration during the six months immediately preceding the association's civil action to enforce the lien or a foreclosure of the mortgage.",
    "priority_scope": "The six month priority excludes the association's costs and attorney fees, and it is cut back to whatever the Freddie Mac, Fannie Mae or Ginnie Mae rules allow where the mortgage holder shows the loan is assigned to, owned by or guaranteed by one of them.",
    "foreclosure": "Civil action to enforce the lien. The lien is not subject to homestead or other exemptions.",
    "gates": null,
    "clocks": [
     {
      "label": "Enforcement must begin",
      "anchor": "delinquency",
      "years": 3,
      "detail": "The lien is extinguished unless enforcement begins within 3 years after the full amount becomes due."
     }
    ]
   },
   "hoa": {
    "fine_power": "statute",
    "fine_process": "Reasonable penalties for violations after the member has had an opportunity to be heard and to be represented by counsel before the board. The board may also suspend a member's right to use association facilities or services for nonpayment, so long as access to the member's own lot is not denied.",
    "fine_cap": "None in the statute.",
    "lien_perfection": "A verified statement of lien recorded with the judge of probate, after thirty days written notice by certified mail, then a verified complaint in court.",
    "priority_months": 0,
    "priority_text": "Priority only over subsequent liens and encumbrances, and expressly not over state and county ad valorem taxes, municipal improvement assessments, fixture filings, mortgages or deeds of trust.",
    "priority_scope": null,
    "foreclosure": "Court action on a verified complaint. Any sale must be advertised once a week for three successive weeks.",
    "gates": null,
    "clocks": [
     {
      "label": "Send written notice by certified mail before recording the lien",
      "anchor": "notice",
      "days": 30,
      "lead": true,
      "detail": "Thirty days written notice by certified mail is required before the statement of lien may be recorded."
     },
     {
      "label": "Record the verified statement of lien by",
      "anchor": "delinquency",
      "months": 12,
      "detail": "The verified statement of lien must be recorded with the judge of probate within twelve months of the assessment becoming due."
     }
    ]
   }
  },
  "AR": {
   "name": "Arkansas",
   "cite": "Ark. Code Ann. sec. 18-13-116(c), (d)",
   "url": "https://arkleg.state.ar.us/Home/FTPDocument?path=/ACTS/2025R/Public/ACT516.pdf",
   "verified": "2026-09-17",
   "fine_power": "declaration",
   "fine_process": "No statutory power to fine. Any fine power an Arkansas association holds comes from its own recorded declaration, not from the statute.",
   "fine_cap": "Not in the statute.",
   "lien_perfection": "No recorded assessment lien in the condominium statute. What the act gives is a priority at sale.",
   "priority_months": 0,
   "priority_text": "Unpaid assessments are paid first out of the sale price, or by the acquirer, in preference over other assessments, but behind unpaid property taxes and behind recorded mortgages. The buyer is jointly and severally liable with the seller for the seller's arrears.",
   "priority_scope": null,
   "foreclosure": "No foreclosure remedy in the condominium statute.",
   "gates": null,
   "clocks": []
  },
  "DE": {
   "name": "Delaware",
   "cite": "25 Del. C. secs. 81-302(a)(11), 81-316(a), (b), (e), (j)(4)",
   "url": "https://delcode.delaware.gov/title25/c081/sc03/index.html",
   "verified": "2026-09-13",
   "fine_power": "statute",
   "fine_process": "Reasonable fines after notice and an opportunity to be heard. The vote and the services needed for habitability may never be suspended.",
   "fine_cap": "None in the statute.",
   "lien_perfection": "The recorded declaration perfects the lien.",
   "priority_months": 6,
   "priority_text": "Six month priority over a first or second mortgage, but it applies only if the association has recorded its contact document and filed a statement of lien at least thirty days before the sheriff's sale.",
   "priority_scope": null,
   "foreclosure": "Sheriff's sale.",
   "gates": "No foreclosure unless at least three months of assessments are owed and the board votes on that unit.",
   "clocks": [
    {
     "label": "Earliest date three months of assessments are owed",
     "anchor": "delinquency",
     "months": 3,
     "detail": "The statute bars foreclosure unless at least three months of assessments are owed, and the board must vote on that specific unit."
    },
    {
     "label": "File the statement of lien before the sheriff's sale",
     "anchor": "sale",
     "days": 30,
     "lead": true,
     "detail": "The six month priority is lost unless the association has recorded its contact document and filed a statement of lien at least thirty days before the sheriff's sale."
    }
   ]
  },
  "GA": {
   "name": "Georgia",
   "cite": "SB 406 (Act 715, 2026); O.C.G.A. sec. 44-3-232",
   "url": "https://www.legis.ga.gov/legislation/72253",
   "verified": "2026-08-24",
   "partial": true,
   "fine_power": "not_tracked",
   "fine_process": "Our state table has not verified Georgia's fine procedure to citation depth. The one point it does record is a registration condition that applies to the whole collection process.",
   "fine_cap": "Not tracked.",
   "lien_perfection": "Not tracked.",
   "priority_months": null,
   "priority_text": "Not tracked. The Georgia Code is licensed to a commercial publisher, so there is no free primary route to the section text, and we do not restate a statute we have not read at source.",
   "priority_scope": null,
   "foreclosure": "Not tracked.",
   "gates": "From January 1, 2027 an unregistered association may not collect fines or fees, file or record liens, or initiate foreclosure. Check the association's registration before any collection step.",
   "clocks": []
  },
  "IA": {
   "name": "Iowa",
   "cite": "Iowa Code 499B.17; 499B.18; 499B.19; 504.622(2), (3), (5)",
   "url": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/code/499B.pdf",
   "verified": "2026-09-20",
   "split": true,
   "condo": {
    "fine_power": "declaration",
    "fine_process": "No statutory fine power anywhere in Iowa law. The nearest statutory due process rule is the corporate procedure for suspending or expelling a member, which must be fair and reasonable.",
    "fine_cap": "Not in the statute.",
    "lien_perfection": "For a horizontal property regime the lien is statutory and automatic: all sums assessed but unpaid for the share of common expenses chargeable to an apartment are a lien on that apartment.",
    "priority_months": 0,
    "priority_text": "Prior to all other liens except tax liens in favour of an assessing unit or special district and all sums unpaid on a first mortgage of record. A first mortgage foreclosure leaves the buyer not liable for the pre-acquisition arrears, which become a common expense collectible from every owner including that buyer.",
    "priority_scope": "On a voluntary sale the grantee is jointly and severally liable with the grantor, but may demand a statement of the amount owed and is then not liable, and the apartment is not subject to a lien, for anything above the figure stated.",
    "foreclosure": "By suit, in like manner as a mortgage of real property. There is no power of sale. A receiver is available to collect rent if the bylaws provide for it, and a money judgment may be pursued without foreclosing or waiving the lien.",
    "gates": null,
    "clocks": [
     {
      "label": "Member suspension or expulsion: written notice",
      "anchor": "notice",
      "days": 15,
      "lead": true,
      "detail": "The corporate safe harbour is not less than fifteen days written notice, with an opportunity to be heard not less than five days before the effective date."
     }
    ]
   },
   "hoa": {
    "fine_power": "declaration",
    "fine_process": "No statutory fine power. The corporate safe harbour for suspending or expelling a member is the nearest rule: not less than fifteen days written notice and an opportunity to be heard not less than five days before the effective date.",
    "fine_cap": "Not in the statute.",
    "lien_perfection": "For a planned community or an ordinary homeowner association there is no statutory assessment lien in Iowa at all, so the lien exists only if the recorded declaration creates it.",
    "priority_months": 0,
    "priority_text": "No statutory lien, so no statutory priority.",
    "priority_scope": null,
    "foreclosure": "Whatever the recorded declaration provides, under general law.",
    "gates": null,
    "clocks": [
     {
      "label": "Member suspension or expulsion: written notice",
      "anchor": "notice",
      "days": 15,
      "lead": true,
      "detail": "Not less than fifteen days written notice, with an opportunity to be heard not less than five days before the effective date."
     }
    ]
   }
  },
  "ID": {
   "name": "Idaho",
   "cite": "Idaho Code secs. 55-3206; 55-3207; 55-1518",
   "url": "https://legislature.idaho.gov/statutesrules/idstat/Title55/T55CH32/SECT55-3206",
   "verified": "2026-09-18",
   "split": true,
   "hoa": {
    "fine_power": "conditional",
    "fine_process": "No fine may be imposed unless the authority to fine is clearly set forth in the covenants and restrictions, a majority vote of the board is required, and written notice must be served on the member by personal service or certified mail at least thirty days before the meeting at which the fine will be voted on. If the member begins resolving the violation before that meeting, no fine may be imposed as long as the member continues to address it in good faith until fully resolved. No portion of a fine may be used to increase the pay of a board member or agent, and attorney fees and costs may not accrue or be assessed or collected until the association has complied with the section and the member has failed to cure.",
    "fine_cap": "None in the statute.",
    "lien_perfection": "The association records a verified claim in the county stating the amount due after credits and offsets, the owner's name if known, the association's name and a description of the property. Once recorded, later unpaid assessments accumulate on it without further filings.",
    "priority_months": 0,
    "priority_text": "Chapter 32 states no priority rule, so Idaho is not a super priority state.",
    "priority_scope": null,
    "foreclosure": "Under general law. The chapter grants no power of sale.",
    "gates": null,
    "clocks": [
     {
      "label": "Serve written notice before the board votes on the fine",
      "anchor": "notice",
      "days": 30,
      "lead": true,
      "detail": "Personal service or certified mail at least thirty days before the meeting at which the fine will be voted on."
     },
     {
      "label": "Serve a true copy of the recorded lien on the owner",
      "anchor": "recording",
      "days": 5,
      "business": true,
      "detail": "A true copy of the recorded lien must be served on the owner within five business days of recording."
     }
    ]
   },
   "condo": {
    "fine_power": "conditional",
    "fine_process": "The chapter 32 fine procedure above is the one Idaho writes down: covenant authority, a majority board vote, and thirty days written notice before the vote.",
    "fine_cap": "None in the statute.",
    "lien_perfection": "A recorded notice of assessment. It expires one year from recordation unless satisfied or enforcement has begun, extendable once by up to a further year by recorded written extension.",
    "priority_months": 0,
    "priority_text": "A recorded notice of assessment is prior to all liens filed or recorded after it, subject to any subordination in the declaration and to timely labour and materialmen's liens. There is no priority over an earlier mortgage.",
    "priority_scope": null,
    "foreclosure": "May be enforced by sale in the manner permitted for powers of sale in deeds of trust.",
    "gates": null,
    "clocks": [
     {
      "label": "Serve written notice before the board votes on the fine",
      "anchor": "notice",
      "days": 30,
      "lead": true,
      "detail": "Personal service or certified mail at least thirty days before the meeting at which the fine will be voted on."
     },
     {
      "label": "Recorded notice of assessment expires",
      "anchor": "recording",
      "years": 1,
      "detail": "It expires one year from recordation unless satisfied or enforcement has begun, extendable once by up to a further year by recorded written extension."
     }
    ]
   }
  },
  "IN": {
   "name": "Indiana",
   "cite": "Ind. Code sec. 32-25-6-3",
   "url": "https://iga.in.gov/laws/2025/ic/titles/32#32-25-6-3",
   "verified": "2026-09-11",
   "split": true,
   "condo": {
    "fine_power": "not_in_statute",
    "fine_process": "The condominium article creates a lien but our table records no statutory fine procedure for it.",
    "fine_cap": "Not tracked.",
    "lien_perfection": "Statutory lien for unpaid assessments.",
    "priority_months": 0,
    "priority_text": "Senior to all but tax liens and first mortgages.",
    "priority_scope": null,
    "foreclosure": "Foreclosable under the mechanic's lien procedure.",
    "gates": null,
    "clocks": []
   },
   "hoa": {
    "fine_power": "declaration",
    "fine_process": "The HOA article creates no fine power. The covenants control.",
    "fine_cap": "Not in the statute.",
    "lien_perfection": "The HOA article creates no lien. The covenants control.",
    "priority_months": 0,
    "priority_text": "No statutory lien, so no statutory priority.",
    "priority_scope": null,
    "foreclosure": "Whatever the recorded covenants provide, under general law.",
    "gates": null,
    "clocks": []
   }
  },
  "KS": {
   "name": "Kansas",
   "cite": "K.S.A. 58-4608(a)(6), (b), (c); 58-3123(a), (b); 58-3710; K.S.A. 60-511(1)",
   "url": "https://ksrevisor.gov/statutes/chapters/ch58/058_031_0023.html",
   "verified": "2026-09-19",
   "fine_power": "declaration",
   "fine_process": "Kansas law contains no fine procedure at all: no notice requirement, no hearing requirement, no dollar cap and no per day cap. The only statutory reference is permissive, that the board may determine whether to take enforcement action by exercising the association's power to impose sanctions, so the power to fine exists only if your declaration or bylaws create it. Two guardrails still apply: the board may not be arbitrary or capricious, and every duty under the act carries an obligation of good faith.",
   "fine_cap": "Not in the statute.",
   "lien_perfection": "The Bill of Rights Act creates no assessment lien at all. Under the Apartment Ownership Act and the Townhouse Ownership Act the lien exists by statute.",
   "priority_months": 0,
   "priority_text": "The lien is prior to all other liens except tax liens and all sums unpaid on a first mortgage of record, which is zero months of priority. A first mortgagee or purchaser who takes title through foreclosure of that first mortgage is not liable for the share of common expenses that fell due before it acquired title, and those arrears become a common expense collectible from all the owners including the acquirer.",
   "priority_scope": "On delinquency the association may suspend rights and privileges but may not deny an owner access to the owner's unit, suspend the right to vote except on assessment and fee issues, or withhold a service where doing so would endanger health, safety or property.",
   "foreclosure": "Judicial, in like manner as a mortgage of real property. A suit for a money judgment may be brought without foreclosing or waiving the lien.",
   "gates": null,
   "clocks": [
    {
     "label": "General written contract limitation",
     "anchor": "delinquency",
     "years": 5,
     "general_law": true,
     "detail": "There is no assessment specific limitation period in Kansas. The general five year written contract limitation is the working number, so treat this date as general law rather than an assessment statute."
    }
   ]
  },
  "KY": {
   "name": "Kentucky",
   "cite": "KRS secs. 381.797(1)(b), 381.799(1), (2), 381.9193(1), (2), (5)",
   "url": "https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/law/statutes/statute.aspx?id=53670",
   "verified": "2026-09-13",
   "split": true,
   "hoa": {
    "fine_power": "statute",
    "fine_process": "Fines only after written notice and an opportunity to be heard.",
    "fine_cap": "None in the statute.",
    "lien_perfection": "The planned community lien covers amounts unpaid thirty days after the due date, and the association records its lien.",
    "priority_months": 0,
    "priority_text": "Ranks behind any mortgage or encumbrance recorded before the association records its lien.",
    "priority_scope": null,
    "foreclosure": "Under the planned community statute.",
    "gates": null,
    "clocks": [
     {
      "label": "Amounts become covered by the lien",
      "anchor": "delinquency",
      "days": 30,
      "detail": "The planned community lien covers amounts unpaid thirty days after the due date."
     }
    ]
   },
   "condo": {
    "fine_power": "statute",
    "fine_process": "Fines only after written notice and an opportunity to be heard.",
    "fine_cap": "None in the statute.",
    "lien_perfection": "No separate recording is needed.",
    "priority_months": 0,
    "priority_text": "Outranks a mortgage recorded after the delinquency. It does not prime a mortgage recorded before it.",
    "priority_scope": null,
    "foreclosure": "Under the condominium statute.",
    "gates": null,
    "clocks": [
     {
      "label": "Lien dies if not enforced",
      "anchor": "delinquency",
      "years": 5,
      "detail": "The condominium lien dies if not enforced within five years."
     }
    ]
   }
  },
  "LA": {
   "name": "Louisiana",
   "cite": "La. R.S. 9:1146(A) to (D); 9:1148(A), (B); 9:1123.115; 9:1141.20(A)(2)(k), (l), (q)",
   "url": "https://legis.la.gov/legis/Law.aspx?d=106639",
   "verified": "2026-09-14",
   "fine_power": "statute",
   "fine_process": "Part III, R.S. 9:1145 to 1148, now reaches both regimes and sets a strict sequence. The association makes written demand by mail or commercial courier, email, or hand delivery. The owner then has thirty days to pay. Only after those thirty days expire may the association file a sworn detailed statement of privilege in the parish mortgage records.",
   "fine_cap": "None in the statute. Payments received after the demand are applied to unpaid assessments, then late charges, then attorney fees and collection costs, then all other fees, fines, penalties and interest.",
   "lien_perfection": "A sworn detailed statement of privilege filed in the parish mortgage records, and not before the thirty days from written demand have run.",
   "priority_months": null,
   "priority_text": "The privilege is effective against third persons from filing and outranks mortgages and privileges that become effective after that time. Louisiana does not use a months of super priority rule; what decides priority is the filing date.",
   "priority_scope": "Condominium boards should note an unresolved conflict. Act 158 extended Part III to condominium associations without repealing R.S. 9:1123.115, which still requires service of a sworn statement at least seven days before filing and secures only fines and late fees above $250, so the two schemes disagree on notice, on which fines are secured and on peremption. Satisfying both is the cautious course.",
   "foreclosure": "Under general law once the privilege is filed.",
   "gates": null,
   "clocks": [
    {
     "label": "Earliest date the statement of privilege may be filed",
     "anchor": "notice",
     "days": 30,
     "detail": "The owner has thirty days to pay after the written demand, and only after those thirty days expire may the association file."
    },
    {
     "label": "Condominium: serve the sworn statement before filing",
     "anchor": "notice",
     "days": 7,
     "lead": true,
     "detail": "R.S. 9:1123.115 still requires service of a sworn statement at least seven days before filing. It has not been repealed, so a condominium board satisfying both schemes serves first and files after the thirty days."
    },
    {
     "label": "Record a notice of pendency of action by, violation assessments",
     "anchor": "delinquency",
     "years": 1,
     "detail": "The privilege is extinguished as to third persons unless a notice of pendency of action is recorded within one year where the assessment was for an alleged violation of the community documents."
    },
    {
     "label": "Record a notice of pendency of action by, dues and capital assessments",
     "anchor": "delinquency",
     "years": 5,
     "detail": "Within five years where the assessment was for periodic dues or assessments for particular expenses or capital improvements."
    }
   ]
  },
  "MA": {
   "name": "Massachusetts",
   "cite": "M.G.L. c. 183A, secs. 6, 10(b)(5)",
   "url": "https://malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartII/TitleI/Chapter183A/Section6",
   "verified": "2026-09-11",
   "fine_power": "statute",
   "fine_process": "Boards may levy reasonable fines.",
   "fine_cap": "None in the statute.",
   "lien_perfection": "The lien is automatic.",
   "priority_months": 6,
   "priority_text": "Priority over a first mortgage for six months of common expenses plus costs.",
   "priority_scope": "Fines, late charges and special assessments fall outside the priority amount.",
   "foreclosure": "Suit, preceded by the statutory notices.",
   "gates": null,
   "clocks": [
    {
     "label": "First statutory notice before suit",
     "anchor": "delinquency",
     "days": 60,
     "detail": "A sixty day notice and a thirty day notice precede suit. Our table records the two periods but not which event each one runs from, so read the section before relying on these dates."
    },
    {
     "label": "Second statutory notice before suit",
     "anchor": "delinquency",
     "days": 30,
     "detail": "A sixty day notice and a thirty day notice precede suit. Our table records the two periods but not which event each one runs from, so read the section before relying on these dates."
    }
   ]
  },
  "ME": {
   "name": "Maine",
   "cite": "33 M.R.S. sec. 1603-116(a), (b), (d), (e), (g), (i); sec. 1603-102(a)(11), (18)",
   "url": "https://legislature.maine.gov/statutes/33/title33sec1603-116.html",
   "verified": "2026-09-14",
   "fine_power": "statute",
   "fine_process": "Fines after notice and an opportunity to be heard. Fees, charges, late charges, fines and interest are enforceable as assessments.",
   "fine_cap": "No statutory dollar cap.",
   "lien_perfection": "Recording the declaration perfects the lien.",
   "priority_months": 0,
   "priority_text": "There is no super priority. The lien is prior to other liens and encumbrances except those recorded before the declaration, real estate tax and other governmental liens, and a first mortgage recorded before or after the date on which the assessment sought to be enforced becomes delinquent. A first mortgage therefore outranks the association's claim in full, with no six month carve out of the kind Rhode Island and Vermont provide.",
   "priority_scope": "After a first mortgagee's foreclosure sale, assessments accrue free of that mortgagee's lien from the date of sale.",
   "foreclosure": "Foreclosed in like manner as a mortgage. A judgment must include costs and reasonable attorney's fees for the prevailing party.",
   "gates": null,
   "clocks": [
    {
     "label": "Enforcement proceedings must start",
     "anchor": "delinquency",
     "years": 6,
     "detail": "The lien is extinguished unless proceedings start within six years."
    }
   ]
  },
  "MO": {
   "name": "Missouri",
   "cite": "RSMo secs. 448.3-102.1(11), 448.3-116.1 to .5",
   "url": "https://revisor.mo.gov/main/OneSection.aspx?section=448.3-116",
   "verified": "2026-09-13",
   "fine_power": "statute",
   "fine_process": "Reasonable fines allowed after notice and an opportunity to be heard.",
   "fine_cap": "None in the statute.",
   "lien_perfection": "The lien runs from the due date and the recorded declaration perfects it with no further filing.",
   "priority_months": 6,
   "priority_text": "Limited priority over an earlier mortgage for six months of common expense assessments.",
   "priority_scope": "The six months is forfeited if the association forecloses non-judicially under chapter 443.",
   "foreclosure": "Judicial, if the board wants to keep the six month priority. A non-judicial foreclosure under chapter 443 forfeits it.",
   "gates": null,
   "clocks": [
    {
     "label": "Enforcement must start",
     "anchor": "delinquency",
     "years": 3,
     "detail": "The lien dies if enforcement does not start within three years."
    }
   ]
  },
  "MT": {
   "name": "Montana",
   "cite": "MCA 70-23-506; 70-23-607(1), (2), (3); 70-23-608; 70-23-610; 70-17-901(6)(a); 27-2-202(1); 70-17-210(3)(a), (4)",
   "url": "https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0700/chapter_0230/part_0060/section_0070/0700-0230-0060-0070.html",
   "verified": "2026-09-20",
   "split": true,
   "condo": {
    "fine_power": "declaration",
    "fine_process": "Montana does not authorise an association to levy a monetary fine, sets no notice or hearing requirement and no cap. The condominium act's enforcement mechanism is litigation: failure to comply with the bylaws, the rules adopted under them, or the covenants, conditions and restrictions in the declaration or deed is grounds for an action maintainable by the association of unit owners or by an aggrieved unit owner.",
    "fine_cap": "Not in the statute.",
    "lien_perfection": "Recording is a condition precedent rather than an option. The claim must state the account due after all just credits and offsets, the owner's or reputed owner's name and a description sufficient to identify the unit, verified by the oath of a person with knowledge, and recorded in the book used for construction liens.",
    "priority_months": 0,
    "priority_text": "Prior to all other liens or encumbrances except tax and assessment liens and a first mortgage or trust indenture of record. That exception is the whole story on priority: Montana has no super priority window of any length.",
    "priority_scope": "A purchaser at a first mortgage foreclosure is not liable for the earlier common expenses, which become a common expense of all owners including that purchaser.",
    "foreclosure": "Conforms as nearly as possible to construction lien foreclosure under Title 71 chapter 3 part 5. A money judgment may be pursued without foreclosing or waiving the lien.",
    "gates": "An association or governing body that has not met for fifteen years is prohibited from taking an enforcement action against an owner whose use is substantially similar to the use of other properties in the development.",
    "clocks": [
     {
      "label": "Action on a covenant founded on a written instrument",
      "anchor": "delinquency",
      "years": 6,
      "general_law": true,
      "detail": "An action on a covenant founded on a written instrument must be brought within six years."
     }
    ]
   },
   "hoa": {
    "fine_power": "declaration",
    "fine_process": "No statutory fine power, no notice or hearing requirement and no cap.",
    "fine_cap": "Not in the statute.",
    "lien_perfection": "For a non condominium homeowners association there is no statutory lien at all. The definitions say only that an association may be authorised to impose assessments that, if unpaid, may become a lien, which describes what covenants can do rather than granting anything.",
    "priority_months": 0,
    "priority_text": "No statutory lien, so no statutory priority.",
    "priority_scope": null,
    "foreclosure": "Whatever the recorded declaration provides, under general law.",
    "gates": "An association or governing body that has not met for fifteen years is prohibited from taking an enforcement action against an owner whose use is substantially similar to the use of other properties in the development.",
    "clocks": [
     {
      "label": "Action on a covenant founded on a written instrument",
      "anchor": "delinquency",
      "years": 6,
      "general_law": true,
      "detail": "An action on a covenant founded on a written instrument must be brought within six years."
     }
    ]
   }
  },
  "ND": {
   "name": "North Dakota",
   "cite": "NDCC 47-04.1-11; 47-04.1-08; 10-33-62(1), (2), (3), (4)",
   "url": "https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t47c04-1.pdf",
   "verified": "2026-09-20",
   "split": true,
   "condo": {
    "fine_power": "declaration",
    "fine_process": "North Dakota grants no association the power to levy a monetary fine and imposes no notice, hearing or cap, so fining authority exists only if the declaration or bylaws create it. The condominium remedy is a court action: noncompliance with the bylaws, rules, the declaration or deed covenants is grounds for an action to recover sums due for damages, injunctive relief or such other relief as a court may provide.",
    "fine_cap": "Not in the statute.",
    "lien_perfection": "A reasonable assessment is a debt of the owner when it is made, and the amount plus other charges such as interest, costs and penalties, as provided for in the declaration and bylaws, becomes a lien on the condominium only when the administrative body causes the assessment to be recorded with the county recorder, in a notice stating the amount and the name of the record owner. On payment a notice of satisfaction and release must be recorded.",
    "priority_months": 0,
    "priority_text": "Section 47-04.1-11 contains no priority language at all, so there is no super priority over a first mortgage and the lien takes whatever place ordinary recording law gives it.",
    "priority_scope": null,
    "foreclosure": "The chapter specifies no foreclosure method and no limitation period, so both come from general law.",
    "gates": null,
    "clocks": [
     {
      "label": "Membership discipline: prior written notice",
      "anchor": "notice",
      "days": 15,
      "lead": true,
      "detail": "The nonprofit act safe harbour is not less than fifteen days prior written notice of an expulsion, suspension or termination and the reasons for it, an opportunity to be heard not less than five days before the effective date, and a challenge commenced within one year. There is no relief from dues or assessments already owed."
     }
    ]
   },
   "hoa": {
    "fine_power": "declaration",
    "fine_process": "No statutory fine power, no notice, hearing or cap.",
    "fine_cap": "Not in the statute.",
    "lien_perfection": "For a non condominium homeowners association there is no statutory lien at all.",
    "priority_months": 0,
    "priority_text": "No statutory lien, so no statutory priority.",
    "priority_scope": null,
    "foreclosure": "Under general law.",
    "gates": null,
    "clocks": [
     {
      "label": "Membership discipline: prior written notice",
      "anchor": "notice",
      "days": 15,
      "lead": true,
      "detail": "Not less than fifteen days prior written notice and an opportunity to be heard not less than five days before the effective date."
     }
    ]
   }
  },
  "NE": {
   "name": "Nebraska",
   "cite": "Neb. Rev. Stat. secs. 76-874, 76-873(b), 76-860(a)(11)",
   "url": "https://nebraskalegislature.gov/laws/statutes.php?statute=76-874",
   "verified": "2026-09-17",
   "fine_power": "statute",
   "fine_process": "Reasonable fines after notice and an opportunity to be heard. Late charges are also allowed.",
   "fine_cap": "No fine cap. Past due assessments may bear interest at a rate the association sets, not exceeding eighteen percent a year.",
   "lien_perfection": "The lien arises only once the assessment is due and a notice stating the dollar amount is recorded where mortgages are recorded.",
   "priority_months": 0,
   "priority_text": "Nebraska is not a super priority state. The lien is subordinate to liens recorded before the declaration, to a first mortgage or deed of trust recorded before that notice, and to real estate tax liens.",
   "priority_scope": null,
   "foreclosure": "Foreclosed like a mortgage. It is not defeated by the homestead exemption, and the prevailing party gets costs and reasonable attorney fees.",
   "gates": null,
   "clocks": [
    {
     "label": "Lien must be enforced",
     "anchor": "delinquency",
     "years": 3,
     "detail": "The lien must be enforced within three years."
    }
   ]
  },
  "NH": {
   "name": "New Hampshire",
   "cite": "RSA 356-B:46, I(a) to (e); RSA 356-B:15",
   "url": "https://www.gc.nh.gov/rsa/html/XXXI/356-B/356-B-46.htm",
   "verified": "2026-09-13",
   "fine_power": "declaration",
   "fine_process": "There is no fine section at all. RSA 356-B names fines only to exclude them from priority, so fine power must come from the declaration and bylaws and is enforced by suit, with costs and attorney fees to the prevailing party.",
   "fine_cap": "Not in the statute.",
   "lien_perfection": "The lien must be perfected by recording a verified memorandum within six months of the due date.",
   "priority_months": 6,
   "priority_text": "Six month priority over an institutional first mortgage, lost unless the association notifies the owner and the lender within seventy days of the delinquency and gives the lender thirty days notice before filing.",
   "priority_scope": "The priority amount does not include any amounts attributable to special assessments, late charges, fines, penalties or interest. Read at source 2026-10-09.",
   "foreclosure": "Suit. Costs and attorney fees go to the prevailing party.",
   "gates": null,
   "clocks": [
    {
     "label": "Notify the owner and the lender by",
     "anchor": "delinquency",
     "days": 70,
     "detail": "The six month priority applies only if the association sends written notice within seventy days of the occurrence of the delinquency to the unit owner and the institutional first mortgage lender, and the notice must state that the account is at least sixty days delinquent. Read at source 2026-10-09."
    },
    {
     "label": "Record the verified memorandum by",
     "anchor": "delinquency",
     "months": 6,
     "detail": "The lien must be perfected by recording a verified memorandum within six months of the due date."
    },
    {
     "label": "Give the lender notice before filing",
     "anchor": "notice",
     "days": 30,
     "lead": true,
     "detail": "The association must give the lender thirty days notice before filing."
    }
   ]
  },
  "NM": {
   "name": "New Mexico",
   "cite": "NMSA 1978 sec. 47-7C-16 and compiler's note; secs. 47-16-6(B) to (D), 47-16-18(E) to (G)",
   "url": "https://nmonesource.com/nmos/nmsa/en/item/4408/index.do#!b/47-7C-16",
   "verified": "2026-09-18",
   "fine_power": "statute",
   "fine_process": "Before levying a fine or suspending common area rights the association must give fourteen days written notice of a hearing and an opportunity to be heard or to submit a written statement. If the board or its committee does not approve the fine or suspension by majority vote, neither may be imposed. No notice or hearing is required for a violation posing an imminent threat to public health or safety.",
   "fine_cap": "None in the statute.",
   "lien_perfection": "On the homeowners association side the lien arises from the time an assessment or fine becomes due, and recording the declaration is notice and perfection. In a condominium, a recordable statement of unpaid assessments is due within ten business days of a written request.",
   "priority_months": 0,
   "priority_text": "New Mexico is not a six month super priority state, and the official compiler says so. The Condominium Act's lien section is similar to section 3-116 of the Uniform Condominium Act with stated exceptions, and the compiler's note records that subsection (b) of the uniform section, the provision giving the association's lien priority over all other liens and encumbrances, is not incorporated by the New Mexico act. New Mexico added its own subsection H instead, under which the lien is subordinate to other liens or encumbrances to the extent the declaration provides. The six month priority language that appears on commercial reprints of this section is the uniform act Commissioners' Comment, not enacted New Mexico law. On the homeowners association side the act states no priority rule at all.",
   "priority_scope": null,
   "foreclosure": "In like manner as a mortgage, in both regimes.",
   "gates": null,
   "clocks": [
    {
     "label": "Give written notice of the hearing before the fine vote",
     "anchor": "notice",
     "days": 14,
     "lead": true,
     "detail": "Fourteen days written notice of a hearing, with an opportunity to be heard or to submit a written statement."
    },
    {
     "label": "Condominium: statement of unpaid assessments due after a written request",
     "anchor": "notice",
     "days": 10,
     "business": true,
     "detail": "A recordable statement of unpaid assessments is due within ten business days of a written request."
    },
    {
     "label": "Condominium: enforcement proceedings must begin",
     "anchor": "delinquency",
     "years": 3,
     "detail": "The condominium lien is extinguished unless enforcement proceedings begin within three years after the full amount becomes due."
    }
   ]
  },
  "NY": {
   "name": "New York",
   "cite": "N.Y. Real Prop. Law secs. 339-j, 339-z, 339-aa",
   "url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/RPP/339-AA",
   "verified": "2026-09-11",
   "fine_power": "statute",
   "fine_process": "Our table records no statutory fine procedure and no statutory fine cap.",
   "fine_cap": "No statutory fine cap.",
   "lien_perfection": "The condominium common charge lien is filed, and it lasts six years from filing.",
   "priority_months": 0,
   "priority_text": "The condominium common charge lien is subordinate to taxes and a first mortgage.",
   "priority_scope": null,
   "foreclosure": "Foreclosure needs at least ninety days written notice to the owner. This revision took effect on October 17, 2025.",
   "gates": null,
   "clocks": [
    {
     "label": "Give the owner written notice before foreclosure",
     "anchor": "notice",
     "days": 90,
     "lead": true,
     "detail": "Foreclosure needs at least ninety days written notice to the owner."
    },
    {
     "label": "Lien expires",
     "anchor": "recording",
     "years": 6,
     "detail": "The lien lasts six years from filing."
    }
   ]
  },
  "OK": {
   "name": "Oklahoma",
   "cite": "60 O.S. secs. 524, 852(C), 855",
   "url": "https://www.oklegislature.gov/OK_Statutes/CompleteTitles/os60.pdf",
   "verified": "2026-09-17",
   "split": true,
   "condo": {
    "fine_power": "declaration",
    "fine_process": "Neither regime grants an express statutory power to fine.",
    "fine_cap": "Not in the statute.",
    "lien_perfection": "A judicially foreclosable assessment lien for unpaid common expenses.",
    "priority_months": 0,
    "priority_text": "Prior to other liens except five listed exceptions, including prior recorded mortgages.",
    "priority_scope": null,
    "foreclosure": "Foreclosed by suit, like a mortgage.",
    "gates": null,
    "clocks": []
   },
   "hoa": {
    "fine_power": "declaration",
    "fine_process": "Neither regime grants an express statutory power to fine.",
    "fine_cap": "Not in the statute.",
    "lien_perfection": "A judicially foreclosable assessment lien.",
    "priority_months": 0,
    "priority_text": "Our table records no priority rule for the planned community lien beyond the general foreclosure provision.",
    "priority_scope": "The section 852 powers reach only associations created after the chapter took effect in 1975.",
    "foreclosure": "Foreclosed in any manner provided for mortgages, and the prevailing party recovers reasonable attorney fees.",
    "gates": "No lien may be placed and no mortgage foreclosed unless the homeowner was informed in writing on joining of the restrictions, the rules and the potential for financial liability.",
    "clocks": []
   }
  },
  "RI": {
   "name": "Rhode Island",
   "cite": "R.I. Gen. Laws sec. 34-36.1-3.20(a) to (d); sec. 34-36.1-3.16(b)(2) to (b)(5), (d), (e)",
   "url": "https://webserver.rilegislature.gov/Statutes/TITLE34/34-36.1/34-III/34-36.1-3.16.htm",
   "verified": "2026-09-14",
   "fine_power": "statute",
   "fine_process": "After notice and an opportunity for a hearing before the board or its designee.",
   "fine_cap": "Rhode Island caps fines in the statute. A daily fine for continuing conduct may not exceed $100 per day for residential condominiums or $500 per day for commercial, and any other fine may not exceed $500 residential or $1,000 commercial. A declaration, bylaw or rule that purports to set its own maximum is invalid.",
   "lien_perfection": "Recording the declaration perfects the lien.",
   "priority_months": 6,
   "priority_text": "It primes a first mortgage recorded before delinquency to the extent of the common expense assessments that would have come due in the six months immediately preceding foreclosure, plus collection costs and attorney fees, which the statute caps at $2,500, and foreclosure costs, which it caps at $5,000. Read at source 2026-10-09.",
   "priority_scope": "Special assessments, late charges, fines, penalties and interest are excluded from that priority amount.",
   "foreclosure": "Preceded by the sixty day notice to the owner and the first mortgagee.",
   "gates": null,
   "clocks": [
    {
     "label": "Notify the owner and the first mortgagee by",
     "anchor": "delinquency",
     "days": 60,
     "detail": "Once a share of common expenses has been delinquent for at least sixty days the association must notify the unit owner and must also notify the first mortgagee, by certified mail return receipt requested and first class mail. If the mortgagee is not notified the six months of priority survives but the priority amount includes no costs or attorney's fees. Read at source 2026-10-09."
    },
    {
     "label": "Enforcement proceedings must start",
     "anchor": "delinquency",
     "years": 6,
     "detail": "The lien is extinguished unless enforcement proceedings start within six years."
    }
   ]
  },
  "SD": {
   "name": "South Dakota",
   "cite": "SDCL 43-15A-29; 11-5-9; 43-12-1; 43-12-2(3); 43-12-5; 11-5-3; 15-2-13; 44-5-5; 21-48-1",
   "url": "https://sdlegislature.gov/Statutes/11-5",
   "verified": "2026-09-20",
   "fine_power": "declaration",
   "fine_process": "No statute grants an association power to levy a fine, so that authority exists only if the recorded covenants create it. The legislature said as much in passing, defining a homeowners association in 2024 as one that has authority, pursuant to recorded covenants, bylaws or other governing documents, to assess and record liens against the real property of its members.",
   "fine_cap": "Not in the statute.",
   "lien_perfection": "There is no statutory assessment lien in South Dakota for condominiums or for homeowners associations. Title 44, the liens title, runs from chapter 44-1 to 44-15 and contains no association assessment lien; chapter 43-15A contains none either, and its one lien section apportions a contributor's lien for erection, alteration, repair or improvement across the condominiums of a single development rather than securing assessments.",
   "priority_months": 0,
   "priority_text": "No statutory lien, so no super priority over a first mortgage.",
   "priority_scope": "Covenants for the payment of assessments upon the land run with the land and bind assigns, an owner is not liable for breaches committed before acquiring or after parting with the estate, and the terms of a declaration may be enforced by action at law or suit in equity by any person possessing an interest in the land affected.",
   "foreclosure": "Foreclosure by advertisement is available only where the instrument contains a power of sale, so a declaration without one must be foreclosed by court action.",
   "gates": null,
   "clocks": [
    {
     "label": "Action on a contract or written obligation",
     "anchor": "delinquency",
     "years": 6,
     "general_law": true,
     "detail": "An action on a contract or written obligation must be commenced within six years. A lien is not extinguished merely because the limitation period on the underlying obligation has run."
    }
   ]
  },
  "TN": {
   "name": "Tennessee",
   "cite": "Tenn. Code Ann. secs. 66-27-415(a) to (h); 66-27-402(a)(11); Acts 2016, ch. 866; 66-27-706(b)",
   "url": "https://publications.tnsosfiles.com/acts/109/pub/pc0866.pdf",
   "verified": "2026-09-21",
   "fine_power": "statute",
   "fine_process": "After notice and an opportunity to be heard the association may levy reasonable fines for violations of the declaration, bylaws and rules, and may impose charges for late payment. Those charges and fines are enforceable as assessments.",
   "fine_cap": "No fine cap.",
   "lien_perfection": "The lien attaches from the time the assessment or fine becomes due. The lien up to the priority amount is perfected by recording the declaration with no further filing. Any amount above it must be recorded to take priority.",
   "priority_months": 6,
   "priority_text": "Prior to all other liens except those recorded before the declaration, a first or contemporaneous mortgage or deed of trust recorded before the assessment became delinquent, and tax liens. On a foreclosure by either side the association takes a priority in the proceeds up to the common expense assessments that would have come due in the six months before the enforcement action, but not exceeding one percent of the maximum principal indebtedness of the first mortgage or deed of trust.",
   "priority_scope": "Three qualifications decide what that is worth. An association foreclosure is subject to any prior deed of trust and does not extinguish it. The priority is not transferable and is extinguished if assigned or transferred to a third party. And if the mortgage holder has given the association its name, address and the unit, the priority is lost unless the association gives written notice of the delinquency within thirty days of the date six months of assessments became delinquent.",
   "foreclosure": "Judicial action, or in like manner as a deed of trust with power of sale if the declaration so provides, with notice by mail to the owner and to every lienholder of record before the first publication.",
   "gates": "One prohibition applies to non condominium associations: no foreclosure against the property or the member for failure to pay a special assessment for a nonessential amenity.",
   "clocks": [
    {
     "label": "Six months of assessments become delinquent",
     "anchor": "delinquency",
     "months": 6,
     "detail": "This is the date the thirty day lender notice runs from, not the date of the first missed payment."
    },
    {
     "label": "Notify the lender by, or the priority is lost",
     "anchor": "delinquency",
     "months": 6,
     "plus_days": 30,
     "detail": "If the mortgage holder has given the association its name, address and the unit, the six month priority is lost unless the association gives written notice of the delinquency within thirty days of the date six months of assessments became delinquent."
    },
    {
     "label": "Enforcement is barred after",
     "anchor": "delinquency",
     "years": 6,
     "detail": "Enforcement is barred after six years, and a judgment must include costs and reasonable attorney fees for the prevailing party."
    }
   ]
  },
  "UT": {
   "name": "Utah",
   "cite": "Utah Code sec. 57-8a-105(6)",
   "url": "https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title57/Chapter8A/57-8a-S105.html",
   "verified": "2026-07-27",
   "partial": true,
   "fine_power": "not_tracked",
   "fine_process": "Our state table has not verified Utah's fine procedure to citation depth. The one point it does record is a registration condition that stops the lien before it starts.",
   "fine_cap": "Not tracked.",
   "lien_perfection": "Not tracked.",
   "priority_months": null,
   "priority_text": "Not tracked.",
   "priority_scope": null,
   "foreclosure": "Not tracked.",
   "gates": "No assessment lien may arise or be enforced while the association's Department of Commerce registration has lapsed. Check the registration before any collection step.",
   "clocks": []
  },
  "VT": {
   "name": "Vermont",
   "cite": "27A V.S.A. sec. 3-116(a), (c), (f), (m) to (p); sec. 3-102(a)(11), (18)",
   "url": "https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/27A/003/00116",
   "verified": "2026-09-14",
   "fine_power": "statute",
   "fine_process": "The association may charge late fees and impose reasonable fines after notice and a hearing, and may suspend a delinquent owner's rights and privileges, but may not deny the owner access to the unit or withhold a service where that would endanger health, safety or property.",
   "fine_cap": "None in the statute.",
   "lien_perfection": "Recording the declaration perfects the lien.",
   "priority_months": 6,
   "priority_text": "It primes a first mortgage recorded before delinquency only to the extent of the common expense assessments that would have come due in the six months immediately preceding the action to enforce it.",
   "priority_scope": "Payments are applied to assessments, then late charges, then attorney fees and collection costs, then everything else, and every aspect of the sale must be commercially reasonable.",
   "foreclosure": "Every aspect of the sale must be commercially reasonable. If the sums due include no unpaid assessment, the association must first obtain a judgment and perfect a judgment lien.",
   "gates": "Two gates before a foreclosure: the owner must owe at least three months of common expense assessments and have failed to accept or comply with a payment plan the association offered, and the board must vote to foreclose against that specific unit.",
   "clocks": [
    {
     "label": "Earliest date three months of assessments are owed",
     "anchor": "delinquency",
     "months": 3,
     "detail": "The owner must owe at least three months of common expense assessments, and must have failed to accept or comply with a payment plan the association offered, before the board may vote to foreclose."
    },
    {
     "label": "Proceedings must start",
     "anchor": "delinquency",
     "years": 3,
     "detail": "The lien is extinguished unless proceedings start within three years."
    }
   ]
  },
  "WI": {
   "name": "Wisconsin",
   "cite": "Wis. Stat. secs. 703.24(2), 703.165",
   "url": "https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/statutes/statutes/703/163",
   "verified": "2026-09-11",
   "fine_power": "conditional",
   "fine_process": "Fines authorized by bylaws or rules count as assessments.",
   "fine_cap": "None in the statute.",
   "lien_perfection": "A fine becomes a lien if a statement of lien is filed within two years after the date the assessment becomes due. The lien still dates back to the due date.",
   "priority_months": 0,
   "priority_text": "The lien is prior to all other liens except the listed exceptions, which include liens of general and special taxes and all sums unpaid on a first mortgage recorded prior to the making of the assessment. Read at source 2026-10-09.",
   "priority_scope": null,
   "foreclosure": "Ten days prior written notice to the unit owner, given by registered mail, and the foreclosure action must be brought within three years following the recording of the statement of condominium lien. Read at source 2026-10-09.",
   "gates": null,
   "clocks": [
    {
     "label": "File the statement of lien by",
     "anchor": "delinquency",
     "years": 2,
     "detail": "A fine becomes a lien only if a statement of lien is filed within two years after the date the assessment becomes due."
    },
    {
     "label": "Give written notice before foreclosure",
     "anchor": "notice",
     "days": 10,
     "lead": true,
     "detail": "Ten days prior written notice to the unit owner, given by registered mail. Read at source 2026-10-09."
    },
    {
     "label": "Bring the foreclosure action by",
     "anchor": "recording",
     "years": 3,
     "detail": "The foreclosure action must be brought within three years following the recording of the statement of condominium lien. Read at source 2026-10-09."
    }
   ]
  },
  "WV": {
   "name": "West Virginia",
   "cite": "W. Va. Code secs. 36B-3-116, 36B-3-102(a)(11)",
   "url": "https://code.wvlegislature.gov/36B-3-116/",
   "verified": "2026-09-17",
   "fine_power": "statute",
   "fine_process": "Fines are allowed only after notice and an opportunity to be heard, and must be reasonable.",
   "fine_cap": "None in the statute.",
   "lien_perfection": "The association has a lien on a unit for any assessment or fine from the date it falls due.",
   "priority_months": 6,
   "priority_text": "Prior to a recorded first mortgage to the extent of the common expense assessments that would have come due during the six months immediately preceding an action to enforce the lien.",
   "priority_scope": null,
   "foreclosure": "The section speaks of an action to enforce the lien, not of a power of sale, so do not read it as authorising nonjudicial foreclosure. The association may take a deed in lieu of foreclosure, and the prevailing party gets costs and reasonable attorney fees.",
   "gates": null,
   "clocks": [
    {
     "label": "Enforcement must begin",
     "anchor": "delinquency",
     "years": 3,
     "detail": "Enforcement must begin within three years."
    }
   ]
  },
  "WY": {
   "name": "Wyoming",
   "cite": "W.S. 34-20-104(a), (c); W.S. 34-4-101, 34-4-102(a); W.S. 1-3-105(a)(i)",
   "url": "https://wyoleg.gov/statutes/compress/title34.pdf",
   "verified": "2026-09-19",
   "fine_power": "declaration",
   "fine_process": "Wyoming does not grant, limit or condition an association's power to fine, so there is no statutory notice requirement, no hearing requirement, no dollar cap and no per day cap. Fining authority exists only if the recorded declaration or bylaws create it.",
   "fine_cap": "Not in the statute.",
   "lien_perfection": "There is no statutory assessment lien. The Condominium Ownership Act comes close and stops short, providing that where a declaration requires membership in an association or provides for the payment of charges assessed by the association, those provisions are covenants running with the land binding on all condominium owners and their successors. That makes the obligation run with the land but creates no lien.",
   "priority_months": 0,
   "priority_text": "No super priority over a first mortgage, because no priority statute exists to quote. The one priority rule in the chapter runs the other way and is about taxes: no forfeiture or sale of a condominium unit for delinquent taxes, mechanics or materialmen's liens, assessments or charges divests or affects the title of other units.",
   "priority_scope": null,
   "foreclosure": "A Wyoming association's lien is contractual. The two practical questions for a board are whether the declaration grants a power of sale, without which foreclosure is judicial, and the general limitation period below.",
   "gates": null,
   "clocks": [
    {
     "label": "Action upon a contract in writing",
     "anchor": "delinquency",
     "years": 10,
     "general_law": true,
     "detail": "The general ten year limitation on an action upon a contract in writing."
    }
   ]
  }
 },
 "not_tracked": [
  {
   "state": "AZ",
   "state_name": "Arizona"
  },
  {
   "state": "CA",
   "state_name": "California"
  },
  {
   "state": "CO",
   "state_name": "Colorado"
  },
  {
   "state": "CT",
   "state_name": "Connecticut"
  },
  {
   "state": "FL",
   "state_name": "Florida"
  },
  {
   "state": "HI",
   "state_name": "Hawaii"
  },
  {
   "state": "IL",
   "state_name": "Illinois"
  },
  {
   "state": "MD",
   "state_name": "Maryland"
  },
  {
   "state": "MI",
   "state_name": "Michigan"
  },
  {
   "state": "MN",
   "state_name": "Minnesota"
  },
  {
   "state": "NC",
   "state_name": "North Carolina"
  },
  {
   "state": "NJ",
   "state_name": "New Jersey"
  },
  {
   "state": "NV",
   "state_name": "Nevada"
  },
  {
   "state": "OH",
   "state_name": "Ohio"
  },
  {
   "state": "OR",
   "state_name": "Oregon"
  },
  {
   "state": "PA",
   "state_name": "Pennsylvania"
  },
  {
   "state": "SC",
   "state_name": "South Carolina"
  },
  {
   "state": "TX",
   "state_name": "Texas"
  },
  {
   "state": "VA",
   "state_name": "Virginia"
  },
  {
   "state": "WA",
   "state_name": "Washington"
  }
 ]
}